Le trajet quotidien de millions d'Égyptiens : les transports publics vécus de l'intérieur

Shortly before sunrise, Greater Cairo begins one of the largest daily movements of people in the region: millions leaving home for work, school and university, threading between metro, bus, microbus and shared taxis. For residents of the city's outer districts the round trip can swallow three hours or more. This daily journey is not mere transit; it is a heavy part of Egyptian life that shapes moods, health and household budgets — and it deserves to be told from the point of view of those who live it.

The metro is the system's backbone — the first underground railway built in Africa and the Arab world, its lines carrying millions of passengers a day and ranking among the busiest networks in the region. Nobody denies what it delivers: it is virtually the only mode that escapes the grip of traffic, covering in minutes what a car crawls through in an hour. But that very success is the source of its first hardship: crowding.

At rush hour the platforms of the major stations become a sea of people. Boarding sometimes takes a small battle of shoulders, and many passengers ride the whole way standing pressed together. Regulars describe daily rituals familiar to anyone who has tried the metro: claiming a foothold before the train arrives, calculating which car stops nearest the exit stairs at the destination, and surrendering in advance any hope of a seat. The women-only cars remain a valued refuge for many riders, though at peak times they are scarcely less packed.

Beyond the metro, the microbus rules the empire of informal transport, covering everywhere the official network does not reach. Its flexibility is its strength: it stops wherever you flag it, burrows into side streets and neighbourhoods, and runs from dawn until well past midnight. But every rider knows the price: no fixed timetables, no officially published routes a stranger could follow, fares that can shift suddenly and spark arguments inside the vehicle, driving that turns many trips into a test of nerves, and open-ended waits until the van fills up.

Cost sits at the top of riders' worries. With successive waves of inflation and fare increases in recent years, transport has become a heavy line in the budgets of low-income families — especially since almost nobody's journey uses a single mode. A commuter travelling from an outlying district to the city centre may take a microbus, then the metro, then a third leg, and the bill multiplies with every working or studying member of the household. Some people now weigh a job offer partly by how much of its wage the commute will consume.

For some, the daily journey verges on impossible: the elderly, people with disabilities, mothers with pushchairs. Long stairways in many stations are not always matched by working lifts or escalators; climbing into a high-stepped microbus is a daily obstacle; and the pavements leading to terminals are broken or blocked. Accessibility has improved in the newest projects, but much of the older system was simply never designed for anyone who is not able-bodied and in a hurry.

Women carry an added burden. Harassment on public transport has been documented in Egypt for many years through repeated studies and surveys — the reason women-only metro cars exist and successive awareness campaigns have been launched. Many female riders describe daily coping strategies: timing their trips, preferring the women's cars, avoiding certain routes after dark. These are extra calculations men are rarely forced to make.

Time itself is the silent casualty. Specialist studies estimated years ago that traffic congestion in Greater Cairo costs the economy billions of pounds annually in wasted fuel and lost working hours. What the studies do not count is what the long journey does to a person: exhaustion before the workday begins, a drained return that devours what remains of the evening, and hours lost that might have gone to family, rest or learning.

The picture is not without light. Recent years have brought major investment in mass transit: new metro extensions and modern stations, a light rail line linking Cairo to the new cities, a monorail project under construction, and bus fleets being renewed with gas and electric vehicles. Some riders already feel the benefits. The question that occupies them is whether this new quality will arrive at fares they can afford — and in the popular districts where most of them actually live.

Ask riders what they want, and you will hear nothing impossible. They want timetables they can rely on instead of open-ended waiting; genuine integration between modes so journeys are not lost in the gaps; fair fares with subsidised passes for those on low incomes; treatment that preserves dignity in the crush; safety for women; and access for the elderly and disabled. Simple-sounding demands that sum up the difference between a daily journey that drains a person and one worthy of them.

Public transport, in the end, is an honest mirror of a city's relationship with its people. The millions who pour through the metro and the microbuses each morning are the ones who keep the economy turning, and their daily journey is not a marginal detail but a first-order public issue. Listening to their experience — its hardships and its small, inventive solutions — is the starting point of any reform that truly means to succeed.